Treatment Methods Using Disinfecting Compositions Containing a Polymer Complex of Organic Acid

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides compositions which not only effectively kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms present on surfaces on contact but continue to kill microorganisms for a period of time thereafter.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to improvements in disinfectant anddisinfectant cleaning compositions. More particularly the presentinvention is related to the use of disinfectant and disinfectant cleanercompositions which not only effectively kills a broad spectrum ofmicroorganisms (for example, bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) on contactbut continues to kill microorganisms which are repeatedly deposited onthe surfaces for hours after the surface is initially treated. Theresidual antimicrobial activity includes, but is not limited to, thecommon cold virus (Rhinovirus) and Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Disinfectant and disinfectant cleaner compositions that effectively killbacteria and viruses on a variety of surfaces are known in the art.These disinfectant compositions often contain well known classes ofactive ingredients such as alcohols, phenols, quaternary ammoniumcompounds, halogens, peroxides and acids. It is also known that certainactives kill a broad spectrum of organisms whereas others are limited inthe types of organisms they kill. Also, certain organisms are sensitiveto certain actives and physical conditions. The selection of actives andcombination of actives for disinfecting is dependent primarily on thetarget organisms.

There are many common organisms in the environment, which are capable ofcausing infection. Among these are Salmonella choleraesuis, E. coli andStaphylococcus aureus, which are known to cause food poisoning, andRhinovirus, which is the most significant cause of the common cold.Rhinovirus is a non-enveloped virus and is not readily inactivated bymany common disinfecting compositions.

Most disinfectant compositions on the market today kill microorganismson surfaces when applied and allowed to remain in contact for a specifictime, typically 30 seconds to 10 minutes. However, after effectivelykilling those organisms present, the disinfectant does not typicallypersist on the surface. Normal stresses to the surface, like rinsing,repeated touching or wiping with a cloth, tend to physically remove anyresidual disinfectant ingredients from the surface. As a result, if thesurface becomes recontaminated again the disinfectant must be re-appliedto kill the newly deposited organisms.

It would be beneficial, particularly as a means of reducing the chanceof infection, to have a disinfectant product that not only killsmicroorganisms on contact but also remains on the surface to continue tokill microorganisms that may subsequently recontaminate the surface.This invention relates to improvements in disinfectant and disinfectantcleaner compositions that are not only effective in killingmicroorganisms on contact but also provide a residual activity againstmicroorganisms for a period of time thereafter under normal in-useconditions.

Others have investigated actives that separately eliminate the commoncold virus and disinfectants that remain on the surface to provideresidual activity. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,828,912 and 4,975,217,both assigned to Kimberly-Clark, disclose compositions comprising acertain concentration of acids such as citric and an anionic surfactanteffective in killing Rhinovirus on skin. The composition can beincorporated into a variety of products for immediate virucidal activitybut no long lasting activity is provided.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,788 to Diana discloses virucidal processes andcompositions for inactivating Rhinovirus by contacting the virus with aneffective amount of glutaric acid. Therein, it is disclosed that thevirucidal effect only lasts up to 6 hours but does not include stressesof repeated wear or subsequent inoculations which would be expectedunder normal use conditions.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,133 to Hendley et al discloses a hand lotioncomposition contains organic acids, such as citric and malic acids, anda C1-6 alcohol and claims to kill rhinovirus and halt the hand to handtransmission of the virus. Therein, it is stated that frequentapplication of the composition will prevent hand to hand transmission ofRhinovirus, suggesting no residual activity rather than limited residualactivity.

Published patent application WO 00/00026 to P&G discloses a premoistenedwipe containing an organic acid and surfactant to give residualantimicrobial activity provided a specific amount of the organic acidand surfactant remain on the treated surface. Residual activity isclaimed when treated surfaces are challenged only one time with a testorganism. The efficacy under more practical conditions, such as repeatedbacterial challenges or physical wear, over a 24 hour time period wasnot addressed. No additional agent which would facilitate keeping theactive ingredient(s) on the surfaces is provided. There is no mention ofresidual virucidal activity.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,754, Zhou et al. disclose an antibacterialcleaning composition, which shows germicidal activity for sustainedperiods of time. The composition includes a quaternary ammonium compoundand an anionic polymer which form a polymer complex to provide sustainedgermicidal activity for the surface. The invention does not claimsustained virucidal activity. It is also known in the art quaternaryammonium compounds do not inactivate Rhinovirus.

Thus, there is a need for a composition that not only killsmicroorganisms, like the common cold virus, Staphylococcus aureus, orStreptococcus, on contact but also persists on surfaces to continuekilling microorganisms which may be repeatedly deposited on saidsurfaces for an extended period of time. Compositions which can alsoprovide a cleaning benefit are also desired. Methods of treatingsurfaces with these compositions are also important.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least oneorganic acid; optionally, at least one anionic surfactant; at least onepolymer capable of forming a complex with at least one of the organicacids; optionally, at least one organic solvent; optionally, at leastone propellant; water; and optionally, one or more further conventionalconstituents such as: pH buffering agents, perfumes, perfume carriers,colorants, hydrotropes, viscosity modifying agents, further germicides,fungicides, anti-oxidants, and anti-corrosion agents.

The present invention further relates to a composition comprising atleast one organic acid, such as for example, citric acid, at least oneanionic surfactant, such as for example, a secondary alkane sulfonate,and at least one polymer capable of forming a complex with at least oneorganic acid in a water or water and solvent base, preferably at a pH of<4.0. The choice of these ingredients is based on the antimicrobialactivity and the performance desired. The organic acids and low pH areknown to be effective in inactivating Rhinovirus, and acid:anionicactive systems are employed for effective disinfecting against bacteria.Polymers are chosen based on compatibility and their ability to formcomplexes with at least one organic acid. Together, the organicacid:anionic surfactant:polymer combination of the present inventionprovide enough active to be released to kill bacteria (gram negative andpositive) and viruses (at a log reduction level of 1 log reduction ormore) within a very short contact time (30 seconds) and maintain enoughactive in reservoir of the film to continue to be released over repeatedmicrobial challenges over a period of time.

The present invention further relates to a composition comprising atleast one organic acid, such as for example, citric acid, and at leastone polymer capable of forming a complex with at least one organic acidin a water or water and solvent base, preferably at a pH of <4.0. Thechoice of these ingredients is based on the antimicrobial activity andthe performance desired. Together, the organic acid:polymer combinationof the present invention provide enough active to be effective againstbacteria (gram negative) and viruses (at a log reduction level of 1 logreduction or more) within a very short contact time (30 seconds) andmaintain enough active in reservoir of the film to continue to bereleased over repeated microbial challenges over a period of time.

Preferably, the amounts of each of the organic acid, anionic surfactant,when present, and polymer range from about 0.01 to about 10% wt, morepreferably from about 0.1 to about 5% wt, and even more preferably fromabout 0.5 to about 2% wt. The ratio of organic acid:anionic surfactant(when present):polymer can range from about 1:1:1 to about 6:2:1,preferably from about 1:1:1 to about 4:2:1, and more preferably fromabout 1:1:1 to about 2:2:1.

The organic acid is selected from a compound having the formula:

R—COOH

wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl; substituted lower alkyl; hydroxylower alkyl; carboxy lower alkyl; carboxy, hydroxy lower alkyl; carboxy,halo lower alkyl; carboxy, dihydroxy lower alkyl; dicarboxy, hydroxylower alkyl; carboxy lower alkenyl; dicarboxy lower alkenyl; phenyl;substituted phenyl, wherein substituted lower alkyl is substituted byone or more groups consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, amino, thiol, nitro,and cyano. Examples of acids include citric, malic, succinic, lactic,glycolic, fumaric, tartaric, and formic, etc.

The anionic surfactant, when present, is selected from the followingclasses: alcohol sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol phosphates andphosphonates, alkyl ester sulfates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates,alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfate esters of an alkylphenoxypolyoxyethylene ethanol, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates,alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, beta-alkoxy alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonates,alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl monoglyceridesulfonates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl alkoxycarboxylates having 1 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide,alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethyleneoxide), sulfosuccinates, octoxynol or nonoxynol phosphates, taurates,fatty taurides, fatty acid amide polyoxyethylene sulfates, acyl glycerolsulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxideether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates,N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates,alkylpolysaccharide sulfates, alkylpolyglucoside sulfates, alkylpolyethoxy carboxylates, and sarcosinates or mixtures thereof. Alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylaryl sulfates, and alkylaryl sulfonates(for example linear alkylbenzene sulfonates) are preferred.

The polymer is selected from the group

-   -   (1) polymer having the formula

-   -   in which n represents from 20 to 99 and preferably from 40 to 90        mol %, m represents from 1 to 80 and preferably from 5 to 40 mol        %; p represents 0 to 50 mol, (n+m+p=100); R₁ represents H or        CH₃; y represents 0 or 1; Z is selected from O or NH; R₂        represents C_(x)H_(2x) where x is 2 to 18; each of R₃        independently represents hydrogen or C₁ to C₄ alkyl; and M is a        vinyl or vinylidene monomer copolymerisable with vinyl        pyrrolidone other than the monomer identified in [ ]_(m),    -   (2) vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer,    -   (3) vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam/ammonium derivative        terpolymer, where the ammonium derivative monomer has 6 to 12        carbon atoms and is selected from dialkylamino alkyl        methacrylamides, dialkylamino alkyl methacrylate, and        dialkylamino alkyl acrylate,    -   (4) poly (vinyl pyrrolidone);    -   (5) vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam copolymer;    -   (6) vinyl pyrrolidone/acrylic acid (and its esters) or        methacrylic acid (and its esters) copolymer; and    -   (7) a copolymer of Monomer A and Monomer B wherein Monomer A is        of the formula R¹—CH═CH—R² and wherein Monomer B is of the        formula R³—C(R¹)═C(R²)—R⁴,    -   wherein R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen;        hydroxy; halogen; carboxy; sulfo; phenyl; phenoxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ aminoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl wherein the halogen        is selected from chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine; C₁₋₆        alkylphenyl; amino and C₁₋₆ alkylamino, R³ is an acidic group or        a derivative thereof and R⁴ is a group selected from any of the        definitions given hereinbefore for R¹, R² or R³, with the        proviso that neither monomer A nor monomer B is an ester having        a quaternary ammonium compound.

A copolymer comprising vinylpyrrolidone anddimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (for example, y is 1, x is 2, Z is O, pis 0 and each of R₃ are methyl) is an example of polymer (1). Acopolymer comprising methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (half ethylester) is an example of polymer (7).

Compositions of the present invention have residual activity onenvironmental surfaces when challenged with more than one inoculation ofan organism or repeated wear challenges.

Methods of treating surfaces with the compositions of the presentinvention are also disclosed.

Another composition of interest is similar to those above except that nowater is present and the materials of the composition are placed withina water soluble container, for example, a sachet made of poly(vinylalcohol). The water soluble container can then be placed into a largeramount of water, where the water soluble container will dissolve,allowing the contents of the container to be dispersed within the amountof water thus forming a cleaning composition.

The present invention is also directed to a water soluble containercontaining a composition comprising at least one organic acid; at leastone anionic surfactant; at least one polymer capable of forming acomplex with at least one of the organic acids; optionally, at least oneorganic solvent; and optionally, one or more further conventionalconstituents such as: pH buffering agents, perfumes, perfume carriers,colorants, hydrotropes, viscosity modifying agents, further germicides,fungicides, anti-oxidants, and anti-corrosion agents.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the components that formthe composition placed within the water soluble container will notcontain water when those components are not available as 100 percentactive materials.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least oneorganic acid; optionally, at least one anionic surfactant; at least onepolymer capable of forming a complex with at least one of the organicacids; optionally, at least one organic solvent; optionally, at leastone propellant; water; and optionally, one or more further conventionalconstituents such as: pH buffering agents, perfumes, perfume carriers,colorants, hydrotropes, viscosity modifying agents, further germicides,fungicides, anti-oxidants, and anti-corrosion agents.

The present invention further relates to a composition comprising atleast one organic acid, such as for example, citric acid, at least oneanionic surfactant, such as for example, a secondary alkane sulfonate,and at least one polymer capable of forming a complex with at least oneorganic acid in a water or water and solvent base, preferably at a pH of<4.0. The choice of these ingredients is based on the antimicrobialactivity and the performance desired. The organic acids and low pH areknown to be effective in inactivating Rhinovirus, and acid:anionicactive systems are employed for effective disinfecting against bacteria.Polymers are chosen based on compatibility and their ability to formcomplexes with at least one organic acid. Together, the organicacid:anionic surfactant:polymer combination of the present inventionprovide enough active to be released to kill bacteria (gram negative andpositive) and viruses (at a log reduction level of 1 log reduction ormore) within a very short contact time (30 seconds) and maintain enoughactive in reservoir of the film to continue to be released over repeatedmicrobial challenges over a period of time.

The present invention further relates to a composition comprising atleast one organic acid, such as for example, citric acid, and at leastone polymer capable of forming a complex with at least one organic acidin a water or water and solvent base, preferably at a pH of <4.0. Thechoice of these ingredients is based on the antimicrobial activity andthe performance desired. Together, the organic acid:polymer combinationof the present invention provide enough active to be effective againstbacteria (gram negative) and viruses (at a log reduction level of 1 logreduction or more) within a very short contact time (30 seconds) andmaintain enough active in reservoir of the film to continue to bereleased over repeated microbial challenges over a period of time.

Preferably, the amounts of each of the organic acid, anionic surfactant,when present, and polymer range from about 0.01 to about 10% wt, morepreferably from about 0.1 to about 5% wt, and even more preferably fromabout 0.5 to about 2% wt. The ratio of organic acid:anionic surfactant(when present):polymer can range from about 1:1:1 to about 6:2:1,preferably from about 1:1:1 to about 4:2:1, and more preferably fromabout 1:1:1 to about 2:2:1.

The organic acid is selected from a compound having the formula:

R—COOH

wherein R is lower alkyl; substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl(e.g. HOCH₂—); carboxy lower alkyl (e.g. HOOC—CH₂—CH₂—); carboxy,hydroxy lower alkyl (e.g., HOOCCH₂CHOH—); carboxy, halo lower alkyl(e.g. HOOCCH₂CHBr—); carboxy, dihydroxy lower alkyl (e.g.HOOC—CHOH—CHOH—); dicarboxy, hydroxy lower alkyl

lower alkenyl, carboxy lower alkenyl (e.g. HOOCCH═CH—), dicarboxy loweralkenyl

phenyl (C₆H₅—); substituted phenyl (e.g. hydroxy phenyl HO—C₆H₄—). Otheracid examples include hydroxy lower alkyl e.g. lactic; carboxy, hydroxylower alkyl, e.g. 2-methyl malic; carboxy, halo lower alkyl, e.g.2-chloro-3-methyl succinic; carboxy, dihydroxy lower alkyl, e.g.2-methyl tartaric; dicarboxy, hydroxy lower alkyl, e.g. 2-methyl citricacid; and carboxy lower alkenyl, e.g. fumaric. The above definitions areused in an illustrative but not a limiting sense. The term “lower” asused herein refers to an acid where “R” contains one to six carbonatoms. The term “substituted” indicates that one or more hydrogen atomsare substituted by halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) hydroxyl groups, aminogroups, thiol groups, nitro groups, cyano groups, etc. Examples of acidsinclude citric, malic, succinic, lactic, glycolic, fumaric, tartaric,and formic, etc.

The anionic surfactant, when present, is selected from the followingclasses: alcohol sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol phosphates andphosphonates, alkyl ester sulfates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates,alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfate esters of an alkylphenoxypolyoxyethylene ethanol, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates,alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, beta-alkoxy alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonates,alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl monoglyceridesulfonates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl alkoxycarboxylates having 1 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide,alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethyleneoxide), sulfosuccinates, octoxynol or nonoxynol phosphates, taurates,fatty taurides, fatty acid amide polyoxyethylene sulfates, acyl glycerolsulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxideether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates,N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates,alkylpolysaccharide sulfates, alkylpolyglucoside sulfates, alkylpolyethoxy carboxylates, and sarcosinates or mixtures thereof. Alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylaryl sulfates, and alkylaryl sulfonates(for example linear alkylbenzene sulfonates) are preferred.

Further examples of anionic surfactants include water soluble salts oracids of the formula (ROSO₃)_(x)M or (RSO₃)_(x)M wherein R is preferablya C₆-C₂₄ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having aC₁₀-C₂₀ alkyl component, more preferably a C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl orhydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a mono, di or trivalent cation, e.g., analkali metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium orsubstituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammoniumcations and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammoniumand dimethyl piperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cationsderived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine,triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like) and x is an integer,preferably 1 to 3, most preferably 1. Materials sold under the Hostapurand Biosoft trademarks are examples of such anionic surfactants.

Further examples of anionic surfactants includealkyl-diphenyl-ethersulphonates and alkyl-carboxylates. Other anionicsurfactants can include salts (including, for example, sodium,potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di-and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C₆-C₂₀ linearalkylbenzenesulfonates, C₆-C₂₂ primary or secondary alkanesulfonates,C₆-C₂₄ olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared bysulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates,e.g., as described in British patent specification No. 1,082,179, C₆-C₂₄alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethyleneoxide); alkyl ester sulfates such as C₁₄₋₁₆ methyl ester sulfates; acylglycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenolethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates,isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkylsuccinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate(especially saturated and unsaturated C₁₂-C₁₈ monoesters) diesters ofsulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C₆-C₁₄ diesters),acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfatesof alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds beingdescribed below), branched primary alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxycarboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH₂CH₂O)_(k)CH₂Coo⁻M⁺wherein R is a C₈-C₂₂ alkyl, k is an integer from 0 to 10, and M is asoluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acidsare also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acidsand hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil.Further examples are given in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents”(Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of suchsurfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 toLaughlin, et al. at column 23, line 58 through column 29, line 23. Theabove anionic surfactants are presented in an illustrative rather than alimiting sense.

The polymer is selected from the group

-   -   (1) polymer having the formula

-   -   in which n represents from 20 to 99 and preferably from 40 to 90        mol %, m represents from 1 to 80 and preferably from 5 to 40 mol        %; p represents 0 to 50 mol, (n+m+p=100); R₁ represents H or        CH₃; y represents 0 or 1; Z is selected from O or NH; R₂        represents C_(x)H₂, where x is 2 to 18; each of R₃ independently        represents hydrogen or C₁ to C₄ alkyl; and M is a vinyl or        vinylidene monomer copolymerisable with vinyl pyrrolidone other        than the monomer identified in [ ]_(m),    -   (2) vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer,    -   (3) vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam/ammonium derivative        terpolymer, where the ammonium derivative monomer has 6 to 12        carbon atoms and is selected from dialkylamino alkyl        methacrylamides, dialkylamino alkyl methacrylate, and        dialkylamino alkyl acrylate    -   (4) poly (vinyl pyrrolidone);    -   (5) vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam copolymer    -   (6) vinyl pyrrolidone/acrylic acid (and its esters) or        methacrylic acid (and its esters) copolymer; and    -   (7) a copolymer of Monomer A and Monomer B wherein Monomer A is        of the formula R¹—CH═CH—R² and wherein Monomer B is of the        formula R³—C(R¹)═C(R²)—R⁴,    -   wherein R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen;        hydroxy; halogen; carboxy; sulfo; phenyl; phenoxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl,        C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ aminoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl wherein the halogen        is selected from chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine; C₁₋₆        alkylphenyl; amino and C₁₋₆ alkylamino, R³ is an acidic group or        a derivative thereof and R⁴ is a group selected from any of the        definitions given hereinbefore for R¹, R² or R³, with the        proviso that neither monomer A nor monomer B is an ester having        a quaternary ammonium compound.

A first polymer (1) of interest is one having the formula

are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,445,521, U.S. Pat. No.4,165,367, U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,009, U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,960, as well asGB1331819, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference,wherein the polymers for the present invention can be made according tothe methods disclosed in the aforementioned documents but are usedherein prior to any quaternization that the foregoing documents maydisclose.

The monomer unit within [ ]_(M), is, for example, a di-lower alkylaminealkyl acrylate or methacrylate or a vinyl ether derivative. Examples ofthese monomers include dimethylaminomethyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethylmethacrylate, diethylaminomethyl acrylate, diethylaminomethylmethacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutylmethacrylate, dimethylaminoamyl methacrylate, diethylaminoamylmethacrylate, dimethylaminohexyl acrylate, diethylaminohexylmethacrylate, dimethylaminooctyl acrylate, dimethylaminooctylmethacrylate, diethylaminooctyl acrylate, diethylaminooctylmethacrylate, dimethylaminodecyl methacrylate, dimethylaminododecylmethacrylate, diethylaminolauryl acrylate, diethylaminolaurylmethacrylate, dimethylaminostearyl acrylate, dimethylaminostearylmethacrylate, diethylaminostearyl acrylate, diethylaminostearylmethacrylate, di-t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, di-t-butylaminoethylacrylate, and dimethylamino vinyl ether.

Monomer M, which is optional (p is up to 50) can comprise anyconventional vinyl monomer copolymerizable with N-vinyl pyrrolidone.Thus, for example, suitable conventional vinyl monomers include thealkyl vinyl ethers, e.g., methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, octylvinyl ether, etc.; acrylic and methacrylic acid and esters thereof,e.g., methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, etc.; vinyl aromatic monomers,e.g., styrene, α-methyl styrene, etc; vinyl acetate; vinyl alcohol;vinylidene chloride; acrylonitrile and substituted derivatives thereof;methacrylonitrile and substituted derivatives thereof; acrylamide andmethacrylamide and N-substituted derivatives thereof; vinyl chloride,crotonic acid and esters thereof; etc. Again, it is noted that suchoptional copolymerizable vinyl monomer can comprise any conventionalvinyl monomer copolymerizable with N-vinyl pyrrolidone.

The film-forming polymers of the present invention are generallyprovided as a technical grade mixture which includes the polymerdispersed in an aqueous or aqueous/alcoholic carrier and are availablein a variety of molecular weights from ISP Corp., Wayne, N.J.

An example of polymer (1) is avinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer having theformula:

wherein x, y and z are at least 1 and have values selected such that thetotal molecular weight of the vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer is at least 10,000 and can range up to anaverage molecular weight of about 1,200,000. Polymers of this type areavailable under tradename Copolymer 845, Copolymer 937, and Copolymer958 from ISP.

Another example of polymer (1) is

wherein x and y have values selected such that the total molecularweight is about 1,000,000 to about 5,000,000.

As provided for in GB1331819, page 3, lines 43 through 123, EXAMPLE 1provides a process for making a copolymer useful in the presentinvention. Therein, a copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone anddimethylaminoethyl methacrylate was produced utilizing polymerizationapparatus comprising a 5 litre kettle equipped with mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser, thermometer, and gas inlet tube. Some 1,225 parts ofethanol as a solvent were charged into the kettle and 800 parts ofN-vinyl pyrrolidone and 200 parts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylatewere added and agitation was started. To the system was added one partof azobisisobutyronitrile and the system was purged thoroughly withnitrogen. The temperature of the system was raised to gentle reflux atabout 85° C. The polymerization reaction was promoted with furtheradditions of catalyst (one part each) until the amount of residualmonomer was below 0.6%. The system was thereafter cooled to 25° C. andthe speed of the agitation was increased. For the polymer useful in thepresent invention, the quaternization step described in GB1331819 is notdone.

Further in GB1331819, for EXAMPLE 2, Example 1 was repeated except thatthe dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate was replaced with substantiallyequivalent amounts of the following monomers:

(a) dimethylaminomethyl acrylate

(b) dimethylaminobutyl acrylate

(c) diethylaminooctyl acrylate

(d) diethylaminolauryl methacrylate

(e) diethylaminostearyl methacrylate

The polymerizations were conducted in the same manner as in Example 1,and the corresponding copolymers were produced except that for thepresent invention, the quaternization step is not done.

Further in GB1331819, for EXAMPLE 3, Example 1 was repeated except thatthe comonomers were employed in the following amounts:

(f) 800 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone-100 parts dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate

(g) 800 parts N-vinyl pyrrolidone-300 parts dimethylaminoethyl acrylate

(h) 800 parts N-vinyl pyrrolidone-500 parts dimethylaminoethyl acrylate

(i) 800 parts N-vinyl pyrrolidone-600 parts dimethylaminoethyl acrylate

The polymerization was carried out as in Example 1. The correspondingcopolymers were produced, the ratio of the monomers dictating the ratioof the monomeric functions in the copolymer product. For the polymeruseful in the present invention, the quaternization step described inGB1331819 is not done.

Further in GB1331819, for EXAMPLE 4, Example 1 was repeated except thatin addition to the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone the following copolymerizable vinyl monomers were alsoutilized:

(j) methyl viny ether-100 parts

(k) octyl vinyl ether-280 parts

(l) methacrylic acid-150 parts

(m) methyl methacrylate-300 parts

(n) styrene-200 parts

(o) vinyl acetate-100 parts

(p) vinylidene chloride-100 parts

vinyl chloride-100 parts

(q) methacrylonitrile-300 parts

The terpolymers so produced by following the polymerization techniquesof Example 1 all had molecular weights within the range of 15,000 to1,000,000.

A second (2) polymer of interest include vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetatecopolymers which include those vinylpyrrolidone, vinylacetatecopolymers, examples of which are presently commercially available. Suchvinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers are comprised ofvinylpyrrolidone monomers which may be represented by the followingstructural formula:

and vinylacetate monomers which may be represented by the followingstructural formula:

which are usually formed by a free-radical polymerization reaction toproduce linear random vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers. Theresultant vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers may comprise varyingamounts of the individual vinylpyrrolidone monomers and vinylacetatemonomers, with ratios of vinylpyrrolidone monomer to vinylacetatemonomers from 30/70 to 70/30. The values of x and y in the structuralformula should have values such that x+y=100 to 500, preferably x+y=150to 300. The vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers will generally havea molecular weight in the range from about 10,000 to about 100,000,preferably from about 12,000 to about 60,000.

A third (3) polymer of interest includesvinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ammonium derivative terpolymers arecomprised of vinylpyrrolidone monomers which may be represented by thefollowing structural formula:

and vinylcaprolactam monomers which may be represented by the followingstructural formula:

and ammonium derivative monomers which can be represented by one of thefollowing structural formulae:

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, y are described hereinabove and W is selected from

Exemplary vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ammonium derivativeterpolymer wherein the ammonium derivative monomer has 6 to 12 carbonatoms and is selected from dialkylamino alkyl methacrylamides,dialkylamino alkyl methacrylate, and dialkylamino alkyl acrylate whichfind use in the present inventive compositions are usually formed by afree-radical polymerization reaction to produce linear randomvinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ammonium derivative terpolymers. Thevinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/ammonium derivative terpolymers usefulin the present invention preferably comprise 17-32 weight %vinylpyrrolidone; 65-80 weight % vinylcaprolactam; 3-6 weight % ammoniumderivative and 0-5 weight % stearyl methacrylate monomers. The polymerscan be in the form of random, block or alternating structure havingnumber average molecular weights ranging between about 20,000 and about700,000; preferably between about 25,000 and about 500,000. Examples ofthe ammonium derivative monomer include, for example, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA).Examples of these terpolymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,521,404to GAF Corporation, the contents of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

A fourth (4) polymer of interest is polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples ofpolymer (4) are well known in the art. The polyvinylpyrrolidone polymersgenerally exhibit a molecular weight of at least about 5,000, with apreferred molecular weight of from about 6,000-3,000,000. Thepolyvinylpyrrolidone is generally provided as a technical grade mixtureof polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers within approximate molecular weightranges. Such polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers are available in the PVP linematerials (ex. ISP Corp.) which include PVP K 15 polyvinylpyrrolidonedescribed as having molecular weight in the range of from 6,000-15,000;PVP-K 30 polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight in the range of40,000-80,000; PVP-K 60 polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight inthe range of 240,000-450,000; PVP-K 90 polyvinylpyrrolidone with amolecular weight in the range of 900,000-1,500,000; PVP-K 120polyvinylpyrrolidone with a molecular weight in the range of2,000,000-3,000,000. Other suppliers of polyvinylpyrrolidone includeAllChem Industries Inc, Gainesville, Fla., Kraft Chemical Co., MelrosePark, Ill., Alfa Aesar, a Johnson Matthey Co., Ward Hill, Mass., andMonomer-Polymer & Dajac Labs Inc., Feasterville, Pa.

A fifth (5) polymer of interest is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam. The ratio of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) tovinyl caprolactam (VCL) can range from about 5 to about 95 VP:about 95to about 5 VCL, preferably, from about 5 to 35 VP:about 95 to about 65VCL. An example of polymer (5), vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam canbe made according to a procedure, for example, from U.S. Pat. No.6,225,429. Therein, Example 1 illustrates the preparation of vinylpyrrolidone (VP)/vinyl caprolactam (VCL) (50/50) directly in water,after water according to a predetermined monomer feeding sequence, andwithout adding a protective colloid:

300.00 g of distilled water was charged into a 1-I resin kettle, fittedwith a nitrogen inlet tube, an anchor agitator, a thermalwatch/thermocouple probe and a heating mantle. After pH adjustment to 10with 2 drops of concentrated ammonium hydroxide, nitrogen sparging wasstarted and continued throughout the run. The kettle was then heated to75° C. and maintained at 75° C. with an agitation speed at 250 rpm. Apre-charge mixture of 5.00 g of distilled vinyl pyrrolidone and 0.20 gof Lupersol 11M75 initiator (t-butyl peroxypivalate, 75% active),corresponding to 5% of total monomers, was pumped into the resin kettleover a period of 30 minutes. Thereafter, a mixture of 50.00 g of vinylcaprolactam (V-CAP/RC., ISP), 40.00 g of vinyl pyrrolidone and 0.60 g ofLupersol 11M75 initiator was pumped into the resin kettle over the next60 minutes. The reaction mixture turned milky within 5 minutes uponcharging of the monomer pre-mix. Finally, a mixture of 5.00 g of vinylpyrrolidone and 0.20 g of Lupersol 11M75 initiator was metered into theresin kettle over 30 minutes, followed by holding the reaction mixtureat 75° C. for 60 minutes. 0.30 g of Lupersol 11M75 initiator was addedand the reaction was held at 75° C. for 3 hours to react out residualmonomers. The copolymer product was a milky-white dispersion in water at75° C. Upon cooling, it gained in viscosity at 50-55° C. and became asubstantially clear, viscous solution at room temperature. The solidscontent was adjusted to 25% in water. Gas chromatography (GC) analysisindicated that no residual VP or VCL monomer was present. The polymerhad a cloud point of 55° C. (0.5% in water) and a relative viscosity of2.027 (1% in water).

A sixth (6) polymer of interest is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid (and its esters) or methacrylic acid (and itsesters). A typical run for preparing copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone andacrylic acid (know as “Acrylidones”) is described below.

A 1-liter, 4-necked reaction kettle was equipped with a mechanicalstirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and a nitrogen purge tube. Thereactor was precharged with 75 g. of vinyl pyrrolidone in 500 g. ofheptane. The solution then was heated to 65° C. during 20 minutes andheld there for 30 min., while stirring under nitrogen gas. Then 260microliter (0.3 g.) of t-butylperoxy pivalate initiator was added. Then25 g. of acrylic acid was admitted during a period of 1 hour and themixture was held for an hour. Then an additional 140 microliter (0.2 g.)of initiator was admitted into the reaction mixture and the solution wasmaintained at 65° C. with stirring for another 2 hours. Then another 100microliter of initiator was added and the mixture held for 2 hours.

The reaction product then was cooled to room temperature during a periodof about an hour. A fine white powder precipitate of copolymer productwas obtained which was filtered, washed twice with heptane and driedovernight at 100° C. and then overnight again in a vacuum oven at 100°C. A 75:25 VP:AA copolymer (wt. ratio) was obtained in 97% yield. Theproduct had a K-value of about 70 (1% copolymer in 0.1 N NaOH and 0.2NLiNO₃ aqueous solution); the weight average molecular weight of thecopolymer was about 20-80,000, as measured by light scattering indimethylformamide solvent.

The procedure was followed using 99, 95, 50, 25 and 1 g. of vinylpyrrolidone and 1, 5, 50, 75 and 99 g. of acrylic acid, to produce thecorresponding 99:1, 95:5, 50:50, 25:75 and 1:99 wt. ratio VP:AAcopolymers.

A seventh (7) polymer of interest is made from monomers A and B whereinmonomer A is according to the formula:

R¹—CH═CH—R² and

monomer B is according to the formula:

R³—C(R¹)═C(R²)—R⁴

wherein R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen; hydroxy;halogen; carboxy; sulfo; phenyl; phenoxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆aminoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl wherein the halogen is selected fromchlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine, preferably chlorine; C₁₋₆alkylphenyl; amino and C₁₋₆ alkylamino, R³ is an acidic group or aderivative thereof and R⁴ is a group selected from any of thedefinitions given hereinbefore for R¹, R² or R³, with the proviso thatneither monomer A nor monomer B is an ester having a quaternary ammoniumcompound.

According to an embodiment of the invention, monomer A is according tothe formula:

R¹—CH═CH—OR²

wherein R¹ is as defined hereinbefore and R² is selected from phenyl,C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ aminoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylphenyl, and C₁₋₆alkylamino. More preferably, R¹ is hydrogen and R² is C₁₋₆ alkyl.

According to a further embodiment, monomer B is a dibasic acid accordingto the formula:

R³—C(R¹)═C(R²)—R⁴

in which R³ and R⁴ are both carboxyl and R¹ and R² are as definedhereinbefore, and according to an embodiment of the invention both R¹and R² are hydrogen.

It is preferred that when the copolymer of the invention is comprised ofmore than two monomers, monomers A and B form at least 90% in moles ofthe total copolymer. It is further preferred that the molar ratio ofmonomers A and B is from 60:40 to 40:60, it being most preferred thatthe copolymer comprises a substantially equal molar content of monomersA and B.

The copolymer of the invention may further comprise monomers C, whichmay form up to 10% in moles of the total copolymer and individually, mayform up to 5% in moles of the total monomer. The additional monomers maybe any ethylenically unsaturated monomer provided that they arepolymerisable with monomers A and B. The additional monomer may occupyany position in the polymer chain, but preferably the additionalmonomers are homogeneously dispersed.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, R³ in monomer B is asulfo or carboxy group or a derivative thereof and R⁴ is an acidic groupor a derivative thereof, preferably also a sulfo or carboxy group or aderivative thereof. When two contiguous carboxy groups are present inthe copolymer of the invention, the cyclic anhydride derivative may bealso usefully employed.

The acidic groups of monomers A and B can be defined as meaning that allthe acidic groups of the monomers may be present either as free acidicgroups or as corresponding anhydrides or alternatively, as derivativesor as derivatives that can be formed from said free acid groups orcorresponding anhydrides, for example, esters, salts, amino-ammoniumsalts, amides, imides, complexes with inorganic and organic compoundsetc, by reaction under suitable conditions conventionally used.

Specific examples of monomer A include, but are not limited to: alkylvinyl ethers selected from vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinylpropyl ether, vinyl isopropyl ether, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutylether, vinyl n-amyl ether, vinyl n-hexyl ether; and alkoxy alkyl vinylethers selected from methoxyethyl vinyl ether, ethoxyethyl vinyl ether,propoxyethyl vinyl ether, butoxyethyl vinyl ether, methoxyethoxyethylvinyl ether, ethoxyethoxyethyl vinyl ether, butoxyethoxyethyl vinylether.

The most preferred copolymer according to the invention is one in whichmonomer A is methyl vinyl ether and monomer B is maleic acid or aderivative thereof, more preferably, monomer B is a cyclic anhydride ofmaleic acid (maleic anhydride).

Copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid/maleic anhydride arecommercially available and sold under the tradename GANTREZ, availablefrom International Specialty Products (ISP), New Jersey, U.S.A. Forexample these copolymers include, Gantrez AN-119 copolymer (molecularweight of approximately 20,000), Gantrez AN-139 copolymer (molecularweight of approximately 41,000), Gantrez AN-149 copolymer (molecularweight of approximately 50,000), Gantrez AN-169 copolymer (molecularweight of approximately 67,000), Gantrez AN-179 copolymer (molecularweight of approximately 80,000), Gantrez MS-955 (mixed calcium andsodium salt blend of the methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, inwhich the proportion of Ca:Na is about 5-6:1 and the molecular weight isabout 65,000-70,000), Gantrez S-97 (copolymer has intact acid groups),Gantrez ES-353 (monoisopropyl ester derivative of the copolymer) andGantrez ES-435 and ES-425 (monobutyl ester derivatives of thecopolymer).

Copolymers of interest for polymer (7) useful in the present invention,have the following formulae:

-methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride-

or-methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid-

or derivatives of such compounds. The derivatives of these copolymersare selected from free acidic forms of said copolymers; esterifiedderivatives of said copolymers and salts thereof; amide derivatives orimide derivatives of the copolymers or salts thereof, or mixedamide/imide derivatives of said copolymers or salts thereof; complexesof said copolymers and iodine formed, for example, when iodine is addedto an aqueous solution of the copolymer; complexes of said copolymersand polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and derivatives obtained from the reaction ofsaid copolymers with polyhydroxy compounds and polyamines, inparticular, derivatives obtained from partial or complete neutralizationof the acidic groups with glycerin, glycols, polyglycols, polyvinylalcohol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, diols and polydiols and the like.

The free acid derivative of the copolymer of the invention, may beformed when the copolymer is dissolved in water to cause the anhydridelinkage to be cleaved to form the highly polar, polymeric free acid. Thecorresponding partial ester is formed if the copolymer is dissolved inalcohol, for example, mono-hydroxy acyclic, saturated cyclic, aromatic,and terpenic alcohols or phenols. Both these derivatives of thepreferred methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer of the inventionare commercially available from ISP, New Jersey under the tradenamesGantrez S and Gantrez ES series (registered trademarks), respectively,and have the formulae:

free acid derivative of the poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)copolymner obtained by dissolving Gantrez AN in water, which reacts withthe anhydride group to form the acidand

mono-ester derivative of the poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)copolymer, wherein R is ethyl, isopropyl or butyl.

In each case, n is determined by the required molecular weight of thepolymer.

Esterification can also occur when anhydride copolymers of the inventionare added directly to a nonionic surfactant or to an aqueous solutionthereof.

The copolymers of polymer (7) are commercially available and produced byconventional polymerization methods, which will depend on the propertiesof the specific monomers used. Hence, any known polymerization methodsuitable for polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers may beused, for example, bulk polymerization, solution polymerization,emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization etc. Copolymers ofalkyl vinyl ethers, for example, methyl vinyl ether and maleicanhydride, can be prepared in accordance with the polymerization methoddescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,771.

Organic solvents are an optional component to the present invention.Suitable antimicrobial activity can be achieved without the use oforganic solvents. When present, the organic solvents that can be used inthe present invention are generally those solvents which can solublizethe components of the present invention without affecting the activityof those components. These types of solvents include alcohols, glycols,glycol ethers, ethers, and the like. Preferred solvents include thosesolvents, preferably alcohols, which are known to have antimicrobialactivity such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol,benzyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. The amount of solvent, whenpresent, can range from about 1 to about 90% wt.

Water is added to order to provide to 100% by weight of the compositionsof the invention. The water may be tap water, but is preferablydistilled and is most preferably deionized water. If the water is tapwater, it is preferably substantially free of any undesirable impuritiessuch as organics or inorganics, especially mineral salts which arepresent in hard water which may thus undesirably interfere with theoperation of the constituents present in the aqueous compositionsaccording to the invention.

As discussed previously, the inventive compositions may comprise one ormore conventional optional additives. By way of non-limiting example,these include: pH adjusting agents and pH buffers including organic andinorganic salts; non-aqueous solvents, perfumes, perfume carriers,optical brighteners, coloring agents such as dyes and pigments,opacifying agents, hydrotropes, antifoaming agents, viscosity modifyingagents such as thickeners, enzymes, anti-spotting agents, anti-oxidants,anti-corrosion agents as well as others not specifically elucidatedhere. These ingredients may be present in any combinations and in anysuitable amount that is sufficient for imparting the desired propertiesto the compositions. These one or more conventional additives, whenpresent, should be present in minor amounts, preferably in totalcomprise less than about 5% by weight (on an active weight basis) of thecompositions, and desirably less than about 3% wt.

Compositions of the present invention have residual activity on surfaceswhen challenged repeatedly (i.e. more than one inoculation) withmicroorganisms.

In addition to the organic acid, anionic surfactant, polymer, optionalorganic solvent, balance of the composition will be water, andoptionally, surfactants, fragrances, salts and colors, known in the artto enhance performance and aesthetic appeal. The compositions may beeither ready to use or in concentrated form. The compositions can beincorporated into wipes, hard surface disinfectants and cleaners,sanitizers, dishwashing (including automatic dish), products, includingrinse aids, laundry and fabric treatment products, health and personalcare products such as antiseptics, hand soaps and lotions to kill orprevent the spread of microorganisms.

Several examples of organic acid, anionic surfactant, and polymer wereformulated in water and water:ethanol solutions as set forth in Table 1below.

A general procedure for preparing the organic acid-anionicsurfactant-polymer composition is shown below. In those compositionswhere an organic solvent is not used, that step, or part of the step, ofthe procedure can be eliminated.

-   Step 1) All organic solvent and ¾ the water is added to an    appropriately sized vessel and stirred-   Step 2) To the stirred organic solvent/water solution is added the    polymer and anionic surfactant-   Step 3) The solution of Step 2) is stirred until the polymer is    homogeneously dissolved-   Step 4) The organic acid is dissolved in the remaining ¼ water-   Step 5) The organic acid/water solution from Step 4) is gradually    added to the solution of Step 3) while being stirred to give the    polymer/active solution

An actual formulation (1000 grams) using the above general procedure wasused to make the following composition:

591.65 grams ethanol and 263.74 grams water were added to a suitablysized vessel and stirred. To the stirred ethanol/water mixture was added16.70 grams Copolymer 958 (50% solids in ethanol) and 25.00 gramsBiosoft D-40 (40% active in water). The ethanol/water/polymer themixture was allowed to stir until the polymer was homogeneouslydissolved throughout the solution. 15.00 grams citric acid was dissolvedin 87.91 grams water. The citric acid/water solution was gradually addedto the mixing vessel containing the ethanol/water/polymer solution withstirring. The resultant solution was crystal clear.

The Examples Ex. 2 to Ex. 15 in Table 1 were made according to the aboveprocedure. The amounts shown in Table 1 are in active amounts, not asreceived from suppliers.

TABLE 1 Components Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8Copolymer 958¹ 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.75 1.0 1.5 Copolymer 937² 0.5 Citric Acid1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 Hostapur SAS³ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.00.75 Ethanol 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 60 Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.q.s. q.s. q.s. Components Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex.15 Copolymer 958¹ 1 1 1 0.5 1 0.83 0.83 Citric Acid 2 2 2 2 2 1.5 1.5Hostapur SAS 2 2 Biosoft D40⁴ 2 1 1 0.5 Alpha Step MC-48⁵ 2 0.5 Ethanol80 60 60 60 60 60 60 Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s. ¹acopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (ISP)²a copolymer vinylpyrrolidone and t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (ISP)³sodium C₁₄-C₁₇ secondary alkane sulfonate (Clariant) ⁴linearalkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium (Stepan) ⁵sodium alphasulfo methyl C₁₂₋₁₈ester and disodium alphasulfo C₁₂₋₁₈ fatty acid salt (Stepan)

The compositions in Table 1 were evaluated for log reduction activityand residual performance against Enterobacter aerogenes after 2, 10, 20,25, 35, and 50 inoculations (INCS) following the “Interim Guidance forResidual Self-Sanitizing of Dried Chemical Residues on Hard InanimateSurfaces” recommended by the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). Compositions were applied to a hard non-porous glazed tileand allowed to air dry. Inoculations to achieve at least a 10⁴concentration of bacteria and virus was subsequently applied to thetreated surface. This regimen of inoculations was repeated for 1-50times. After each selected inoculation, the organisms remained incontact with the treated surface for 30 seconds for action to takeplace. After the 30 second contact time, the surface was sampled andenumerated for number of surviving organisms. The results are shown inTable 2 below.

TABLE 2 Residual Activity vs. Enterobacter aerogenes (Log Reduction - 30second contact) 2 10 20 25 35 50 INCS INCS INCS INCS INCS INCS Ex. 10.98  NT* NT NT NT NT Ex. 2 2.89 NT NT NT NT NT Ex. 3 3.63 0 NT NT NT1.52 Ex. 4 3.13 2.91 NT NT NT NT Ex. 5 NT 4.76 NT 2.21 NT NT Ex. 6 NT4.76 NT 5.29 5.0 5.0 Ex. 7 NT NT NT NT 5.0 3.32 Ex. 8 NT 3.11 2.81 NT NTNT Ex. 9 NT 4.61 2.81 NT NT NT Ex. 10 NT 3.72 3.14 NT NT NT Ex. 11 NT4.25 NT NT NT 2.73 Ex. 12 NT 4.25 NT NT NT 3.7 Ex. 13 NT NT NT NT NT4.16 Ex. 14 NT NT NT NT NT 5.11 Ex. 15 NT NT NT NT NT 3.25 *not tested

Composition Ex. 1 without polymer does not provide at least a 1 logreduction in activity after 2 innoculations for residual performance.The presence of the polymer in either water (Ex. 2) or ethanol solvent(Ex. 3) base enables log reduction activity of the active componentsafter 2 innoculations, demonstrating residual performance. The resultsfurther show that varied concentrations of polymer and actives (acid andanionic) will result in varied log reduction levels of residualactivity. Formulation Ex. 3, with a higher content of copolymer 958 thanactives shows high (>3 log reduction) residual performance after 2repeated inoculations but loses some activity after 10 repeatedinoculations, whereas formulation Ex. 5 with a lower content ofcopolymer 958 than actives demonstrates high residual activity (>3 logreduction) even after 10 inoculations with 4.7 log reduction.Formulations Ex. 6 and Ex. 7 further shows that certain levels ofpolymer and active levels can extend the residual sanitizing 3 logreduction) performance to as far as at least 50 repeated inoculations.

Table 3 shows log reduction activity against S. aureus and Rhinovirusafter 50 repeated inoculations (30 second contact time). Ex. 6 and Ex. 7demonstrate extended residual sanitizing (>3 log reduction) activityagainst both bacteria and viruses including Enterobacter aerogenes(Table 2), Staphylococcus aureus and Rhinovirus (Table 3) in a veryshort contact time for at least 50 repeated inoculations. FormulationEx. 14 also demonstrates extended residual sanitizing activity againstEnterobacter aerogenes (Table 2) and Staphylococcus aureus (Table 3) ina very short contact time for at least 50 repeated inoculations.

TABLE 3 Residual Activity (Log Reduction—30 seconds) Staphylococcusaureus— Rhinovirus— Formulation 50 inoculations 50 inoculations Ex. 64.56 >3.0 Ex. 7 4.06 >3.0 Ex. 14 4.81 NT

Table 4 shows residual antimicrobial performance after repeated wear(rinses with water) of the surface and inoculation with Salmonellacholeraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and Rhinovirus. Results show thatcompositions of polymer and organic acid demonstrate residual logreduction activity against Salmonella choleraesuis and Rhinovirus butnot Staphylococcus aureus after 4 repeated wear (rinses with water)challenges.

TABLE 4 Composition (amounts are on “active basis”; 75% ethanol; balanceis water) 1 rinse 4 rinses 1 rinse 4 rinses Log reduction v Logreduction v. Salmonella Staphylococcus choleraesuis aureus Ex. 16 (3%Polymer (2A¹), 4.81 4.28 0.31 NT 1% Acid⁵) Ex. 17 (3% Polymer (2B²), 5.14.22 0 NT 1% Acid) Ex. 18 (3% Polymer (7³), 5.4 3.8 0.07 NT 1% Acid) Ex.19 (3% Polymer (6⁴), 6.4 6.26 0.73 NT 1% Acid) Ex. 20 (3% Polymer (2A))0 NT 0.26 NT Ex. 21 (3% Polymer (2B)) 0 NT 0.25 NT Ex. 22 (3% Polymer(7)) 0 NT 0.13 NT Ex. 23 (3% Polymer (6)) 0.71 NT 0 NT Control-logrecovery 6.4 6.28 Log reduction v. Log reduction v. RhinovirusRhinovirus Ex. 16 (3% Polymer (2A), 2.34 2.17 1% Acid) Ex. 17 (3%Polymer (2B), >4.17 >4.17 1% Acid) Ex. 18 (3% Polymer (7), >4.17 >4.171% Acid) Ex. 19 (3% Polymer (6), >4.17 >4.17 1% Acid) Ex. 20 (3% Polymer(2A)) 1 NT Ex. 21 (3% Polymer (2B)) 0 NT Ex. 22 (3% Polymer (7)) 2 NTEx. 23 (3% Polymer (6)) >4.17 NT >5.17 >5.17 Control-log recovery 5.676.67 6.67 ¹Polymer (2A) = vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (30/70;supplied as 50% active in ethanol) ²Polymer (2B) = vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (50/50; supplied as 50% active in isopropanol)³Polymer (7) = methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid ethyl half ester (suppliedas 50% active in ethanol) ⁴Polymer (6) = vinyl pyrrolidone/acrylic acid(50/50; supplied as 100% active) ⁵Acid = citric acid

The compositions according to the invention are desirably provided as aready to use product which may be directly applied to a hard surface.Hard surfaces which are to be particularly denoted are lavatoryfixtures, lavatory appliances (toilets, bidets, shower stalls, bathtubsand bathing appliances), wall and flooring surfaces especially thosewhich include refractory materials and the like. Further hard surfaceswhich are particularly denoted are those associated with dishwashers,kitchen environments and other environments associated with foodpreparation. Hard surfaces which are those associated with hospitalenvironments, medical laboratories and medical treatment environments.Such hard surfaces described above are to be understood as being recitedby way of illustration and not be way of limitation. The compositions ofthe present invention can also be applied to skin or soft (e.g., fabricor textile) surfaces.

The compositions provided according to the invention can be desirablyprovided as a ready to use product in a manually operated spraydispensing container, or may be supplied in aerosolized product whereinit is discharged from a pressurized aerosol container. Propellants whichmay be used are well known and conventional in the art and include, forexample, a hydrocarbon, of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as n-propane,n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, and mixtures thereof;dimethyl ether and blends thereof as well as individual or mixtures ofchloro-, chlorofluoro- and/or fluorohydrocarbons- and/orhydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Useful commercially availablecompositions include A-70 (Aerosol compositions with a vapor pressure of70 psig available from companies such as Diversified and Aeropress) andDymel 152a (1,1-difluoroethane from DuPont). Compressed gases such ascarbon dioxide, compressed air, nitrogen, and possibly dense orsupercritical fluids may also be used. In such an application, thecomposition is dispensed by activating the release nozzle of saidaerosol type container onto the area in need of treatment, and inaccordance with a manner as above-described the area is treated (e.g.,cleaned and/or sanitized and/or disinfected). If a propellant is used,it will generally be in an amount of from about 1% to about 50% of theaerosol formulation with preferred amounts being from about 2% to about25%, more preferably from about 5% to about 15%. Generally speaking, theamount of a particular propellant employed should provide an internalpressure of from about 20 to about 150 psig at 70° F.

The compositions according to the invention can also be suited for usein a consumer “spray and wipe” application as a cleaning and/orsanitizing and/or disinfecting composition. In such an application, theconsumer generally applies an effective amount of the composition usingthe pump and within a few moments thereafter, wipes off the treated areawith a rag, towel, or sponge, usually a disposable paper towel orsponge. In certain applications, however, especially where undesirablestain deposits are heavy, the cleaning composition according to theinvention may be left on the stained area until it has effectivelyloosened the stain deposits after which it may then be wiped off, rinsedoff, or otherwise removed. For particularly heavy deposits of suchundesired stains, multiple applications may also be used. Where thoroughdisinfection is a primary consideration, it may be desired to apply theinventive compositions to the surface being treated and to permit thecomposition to remain on the surface for several minutes (2-10 min.). Ifso desired, after the composition has remained on the surface for aperiod of time, it could be rinsed or wiped from the surface.

Whereas the compositions of the present invention are intended to beused in the types of liquid forms described, nothing in thisspecification shall be understood as to limit the use of the compositionaccording to the invention with a further amount of water to form acleaning solution therefrom. In such a proposed diluted cleaningsolution, the greater the proportion of water added to form saidcleaning dilution will, the greater may be the reduction of the rateand/or efficacy of the thus formed cleaning solution. Accordingly,longer residence times upon the stain to effect their loosening and/orthe usage of greater amounts may be necessitated. Conversely, nothing inthe specification shall be also understood to limit the forming of a“super-concentrated” cleaning composition based upon the compositiondescribed above. Such a super-concentrated ingredient composition isessentially the same as the cleaning compositions described above exceptin that they include a lesser amount of water.

The composition of the present invention, whether as described herein orin a concentrate or super concentrate form, can also be applied to ahard surface by using a wet wipe. The wipe can be of a woven ornon-woven nature. Fabric substrates can include nonwoven or wovenpouches, sponges, in the form of abrasive or non-abrasive cleaning pads.Such fabrics are known commercially in this field and are often referredto as wipes. Such substrates can be resin bonded, hydroentangled,thermally bonded, meltblown, needlepunched, or any combination of theformer.

The nonwoven fabrics may be a combination of wood pulp fibers andtextile length synthetic fibers formed by well known dry-form or wet-layprocesses. Synthetic fibers such as rayon, nylon, orlon and polyester aswell as blends thereof can be employed. The wood pulp fibers shouldcomprise about 30 to about 60 percent by weight of the nonwoven fabric,preferably about 55 to about 60 percent by weight, the remainder beingsynthetic fibers. The wood pulp fibers provide for absorbency, abrasionand soil retention whereas the synthetic fibers provide for substratestrength and resiliency.

The substrate of the wipe may also be a film forming material such as awater soluble polymer. Such self-supporting film substrates may besandwiched between layers of fabric substrates and heat sealed to form auseful substrate. The free standing films can be extruded utilizingstandard equipment to devolatilize the blend. Casting technology can beused to form and dry films or a liquid blend can be saturated into acarrier and then dried in a variety of known methods.

The compositions of the present invention are absorbed onto the wipe toform a saturated wipe. The wipe can then be sealed individually in apouch which can then be opened when needed or a multitude of wipes canbe placed in a container for use on an as needed basis. The container,when closed, sufficiently sealed to prevent evaporation of anycomponents from the compositions. In use, a wipe is removed from thecontainer and then wiped across an area in need of treatment. Themechanical (and composition) action can act to remove stains andremnants of the compositions are left behind to provide a residualbenefit.

Antibacterial personal care compositions, such as soaps, lotions andantiseptics are typically are used to cleanse or treat the skin and todestroy microorganisms present on the skin, especially the hands, arms,and face of the user. These types of compositions typically contain anactive antibacterial agent, a surfactant, and various other ingredients,for example, dyes, fragrances, pH adjusters, thickeners, skinconditioners, and the like, in an aqueous carrier. Herein, the inventivecomposition provides the active antibacterial agent for these personalcare items.

Laundry or fabric treatment compositions and dishwashing compositions,including rinse aids, are well know to those of ordinary skill in theart. While the compositions may be different because of sudsing orfoaming properties (for example, a high sudsing or foaming surfactantmay be preferable for a laundry application but not for an automaticdishwashing application), the inventive composition of the presentapplication can be used in place of the more common antimicrobials usedin laundry or dishwashing applications. Quaternary ammonium compoundscan be used to impart antimicrobial activity to laundry or dishwashingcompositions. In using such materials, this limits the types ofmaterials to be used in the those compositions because of interactionsbetween quaternary ammonium compounds and anionic surfactants, forexample. Using the present inventive composition in place of thequaternary ammonium compounds would provide for more flexibility indeveloping laundry or dishwashing compositions since there would nolonger be the issue of interaction between quaternary ammonium compoundsand anionic surfactants.

This invention solves the need for a disinfectant product that not onlykills microorganisms like the common cold virus on contact but will alsoremain on the surface so it can continue to be effective in killingmicroorganisms that contaminate the surfaces for an extended period oftime.

All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein canbe made and executed without undue experimentation in light of thepresent disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this inventionhave been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will beapparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied tothe compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence ofsteps of the method described herein without departing from the concept,spirit and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will beapparent that certain agents that are both chemically andphysiologically related may be substituted for the agents describedherein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All suchsimilar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in theart are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of theinvention as defined by the appended claims.

1. A composition which provides an antimicrobial benefit to a surfaceselected from: a hard inanimate surface, a textile, a fabric, and skin,which composition comprises: (a) at least one organic acid; (b)optionally, at least one anionic surfactant; (c) at least one polymercapable of forming a complex with (a) at least one of organic acid;wherein said polymer is a copolymer of Monomer A and Monomer B whereinMonomer A is of the formula R¹—CH═CH—R² and wherein Monomer B is of theformula R³—C(R¹)═C(R²)—R⁴, wherein R¹ and R² are independently selectedfrom hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; carboxy; sulfo; phenyl; phenoxy; C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ aminoalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl wherein the halogenis selected from chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine; C₁₋₆alkylphenyl; amino and C₁₋₆ alkylamino, R³ is an acidic group or aderivative thereof and R⁴ is a group selected from any of thedefinitions given hereinbefore for R¹, R² or R³, with the proviso thatneither monomer A nor monomer B is an ester having a quaternary ammoniumcompound; (d) optionally, at least one organic solvent; (e) optionally,at least one propellant; (f) water; and optionally, one or more furtherconventional constituents such as: pH buffering agents, perfumes,perfume carriers, colorants, hydrotropes, viscosity modifying agents,further germicides, fungicides, anti-oxidants, and anti-corrosionagents.
 2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the at least oneorganic acid is selected from a compound having the formula:R—COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl; substituted lower alkyl;hydroxy lower alkyl; carboxy lower alkyl; carboxy, hydroxy lower alkyl;carboxy, halo lower alkyl; carboxy, dihydroxy lower alkyl; dicarboxy,hydroxy lower alkyl; carboxy lower alkenyl; dicarboxy lower alkenyl;phenyl; substituted phenyl and mixtures thereof, wherein substitutedlower alkyl is substituted by one or more groups consisting of halogen,hydroxyl, amino, thiol, nitro, and cyano.
 3. The composition accordingto claim 2 wherein the organic acid is selected from the group citric,malic, succinic, lactic, glycolic, fumaric, tartaric, and formic acidsand mixtures thereof. 4.-17. (canceled)
 18. The composition according toclaim 1 wherein Monomer A is selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl vinyl ethers andC₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl vinyl ethers.
 19. The composition according toclaim 18 wherein Monomer A is C₁₋₆ alkyl vinyl ethers.
 20. Thecomposition according to claim 19 wherein the C₁₋₆ alkyl vinyl ethersare selected from vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl propylether, vinyl isopropyl ether, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether,vinyl n-amyl ether, and vinyl n-hexyl.
 21. The composition according toclaim 18 wherein Monomer A is selected from C₁₋₆ alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl vinylethers.
 22. The composition according to claim 21 wherein the C₁₋₆alkoxy C₁₋₆ alkyl vinyl ethers selected from methoxyethyl vinyl ether,ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, propoxyethyl vinyl ether, butoxyethyl vinylether, methoxyethoxyethyl vinyl ether, ethoxyethoxyethyl vinyl ether,and butoxyethoxyethyl vinyl ether.
 23. The composition according toclaim 18 wherein Monomer B is maleic acid or derivative thereof.
 24. Thecomposition according to claim 23 wherein the copolymer is vinyl methylether/maleic acid alkyl half ester wherein alkyl is C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 25. Thecomposition according to claim 1 wherein the (a) organic acid is presentin an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10% wt.
 26. The compositionaccording to claim 25 wherein the (a) organic acid is present in anamount of from about 0.01 to about 5% wt.
 27. The composition accordingto claim 1 wherein (c) polymer is present in an amount of from about0.01 to about 10% wt.
 28. The composition according to claim 27 wherein(c) polymer is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5% wt.29. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (b) at least oneanionic surfactant is present.
 30. The composition according to claim 29wherein the (b) at least one anionic surfactant is selected from alcoholsulfates and sulfonates, alcohol phosphates and phosphonates, alkylester sulfates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylether sulfates, sulfate esters of an alkylphenoxy polyoxyethyleneethanol, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ethersulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, beta-alkoxy alkane sulfonates, alkylether sulfonates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates,alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl monoglyceride sulfonates, alkyl carboxylates,alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylates having 1 to 5 molesof ethylene oxide, alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10moles of ethylene oxide), sulfosuccinates, octoxynol or nonoxynolphosphates, taurates, fatty taurides, fatty acid amide polyoxyethylenesulfates, acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkylphosphates, isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates andsulfosuccinates, alkylpolysaccharide sulfates, alkylpolyglucosidesulfates, alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates, and sarcosinates or mixturesthereof.
 31. The composition according to claim 30 wherein the (b)anionic surfactant is selected from alcohol sulfates and sulfonates,alkyl sulfates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, and alkylarylsulfonates.
 32. The composition according to claim 1 wherein (b) anionicsurfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 10% wt.33. The composition according to claim 32 wherein (b) anionic surfactantis present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5% wt.
 34. Thecomposition according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of (a):(b):(c) rangesfrom about 1:1:1 to about 6:2:1.
 35. The composition according to claim34 wherein the ratio (a):(b):(c) ranges from about 1:1:1 to about 4:2:1.36. The composition according to claim 35 wherein the ratio of(a):(b):(c) ranges from about 1:1:1 to about 2:2:1.
 37. The compositionaccording to claim 1 at least one anionic surfactant is not present. 38.The composition according to claim 1 wherein at least one organicsolvent is present. 39.-157. (canceled)
 158. The composition accordingto claim 1 wherein the composition provides residual antimicrobialactivity to a surface to which the composition is applied.
 159. Thecomposition according to claim 158 wherein the residual antimicrobialactivity is against viruses.
 160. The composition according to claim 1,wherein the composition is incorporated within the composition of apersonal care product selected from: antiseptics, hand soaps andlotions.
 161. The composition according to claim 1, wherein thecomposition is incorporated within the composition of a laundry or afabric treatment product.
 162. The composition according to claim 1,wherein the composition is incorporated within the composition ofdishwashing products, including rinse aids.
 163. The compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein the composition is incorporated into awipe.
 164. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the compositionis incorporated into a hard surface disinfectant and/or cleaningproduct.
 165. A process for treating a surface which comprises the stepof: providing the composition according to claim 1, and applying aneffective amount of the composition to the surface requiring suchtreatment.
 166. The process of claim 165 wherein the surface is a hardsurface, a fabric, or skin.